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RPM International

ISIN US7496851038

WKN 863462

Market cap (in EUR)

11,895 m

Country

United States

Sector

Non-Energy Materials

Dividend yield

2.03%

Overview

Quote

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Description

RPM International, Inc. engages in the manufacture, marketing, and sale of coatings, sealants, building materials, and related services. It operates through the following segments: Construction Products Group (CPG), Performance Coatings Group (PCG), and Consumer Group. The CPG segment refers to construction sealants and adhesives, coatings and chemicals, roofing systems, concrete admixture and repair products, building envelope solutions, insulated cladding, flooring systems, and weatherproofing solutions. The PCG segment focuses on flooring solutions, corrosion control and fireproofing coatings, infrastructure repair systems, fiberglass reinforced plastic gratings and drainage systems. The Consumer Group segment includes rust-preventative, special purpose, and decorative paints, caulks, sealants, primers, cement cleaners, floor sealers and woodcare coatings, sandpaper and other abrasives, and other branded consumer products. The company was founded by Frank C. Sullivan in May 1947 and is headquartered in Medina, OH.

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Non-Energy Materials Chemical, Plastic and Rubber Materials Specialty and Performance Chemicals United States

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Financials

Key metrics

Market capitalisation, EUR	11,895 m
EPS, EUR	4.43
P/B ratio	4.1
P/E ratio	20.6
Dividend yield	2.03%

Income statement (2025)

Revenue, EUR	6,741 m
Net income, EUR	565 m
Profit margin	8.38%

What ETF is RPM International in?

There are 169 ETFs which contain RPM International. All of these ETFs are listed in the table below. The ETF with the largest weighting of RPM International is the State Street Global Dividend Spotlight Active Equity UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Acc).

ETF	Weight	Investment focus	Fund size (in m EUR)
Amundi Core MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	3
UBS Core MSCI World UCITS ETF USD acc	0.02%	Equity World	11,563
Ossiam Bloomberg USA PAB UCITS ETF 1A (EUR)	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	371
UBS MSCI USA Select Factor Mix UCITS ETF hEUR acc	0.01%	Equity United States Multi-Factor Strategy	8
UBS Core MSCI World UCITS ETF hCHF acc	0.02%	Equity World	1,178
Xtrackers MSCI USA Screened UCITS ETF 1C	0.02%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	981
Invesco MSCI World Equal Weight UCITS ETF Acc	0.08%	Equity World Equal Weighted	1,814
State Street SPDR S&P U.S. Dividend Aristocrats UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Dist)	0.58%	Equity United States Dividend	42
Invesco MSCI USA Universal Screened UCITS ETF Acc	0.02%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	2,752
Amundi MSCI USA ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Dist	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	0
State Street SPDR S&P U.S. Dividend Aristocrats UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Dist)	0.58%	Equity United States Dividend	3,264
Amundi Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Acc)	0.02%	Equity United States	3
State Street Global Dividend Spotlight Active Equity UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Acc)	2.86%	Equity World Dividend	5
Amundi MSCI USA Screened UCITS ETF Acc	0.03%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	1,348
UBS MSCI USA NSL UCITS ETF USD acc	0.01%	Equity United States	3,176
HSBC MSCI USA Quality UCITS ETF USD	0.05%	Equity United States Fundamental/Quality	256
UBS Core MSCI World UCITS ETF USD dis	0.02%	Equity World	2,086
BNP Paribas Easy MSCI World UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.01%	Equity World	46
WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.05%	Equity World Fundamental/Quality	11
UBS MSCI World UCITS ETF USD dis	0.00%	Equity World	1,512
Ossiam Bloomberg USA PAB UCITS ETF 1A/A (USD)	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	2
State Street SPDR S&P U.S. Dividend Aristocrats Screened UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Dist)	0.65%	Equity United States Dividend	21
State Street SPDR MSCI All Country World Investable Market UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Acc)	0.00%	Equity World	8,156
L&G Global Quality Dividends UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.17%	Equity World Dividend	60
Xtrackers MSCI AC World Screened UCITS ETF 2C - EUR Hedged	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	88
Deka MSCI World Climate Change ESG UCITS ETF	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental Climate Change	1,864
UBS MSCI USA Value UCITS ETF USD dis	0.02%	Equity United States Value	705
Amundi Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	4,584
Vanguard ESG Global All Cap UCITS ETF (USD) Distributing	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	577
State Street SPDR MSCI World UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Acc)	0.02%	Equity World	18,684
Fidelity US Equity Research Enhanced UCITS ETF ACC-USD	0.06%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	1,535
State Street SPDR MSCI All Country World Investable Market UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Dist)	0.00%	Equity World	234
Vanguard FTSE Global All-Cap UCITS ETF USD Dist	0.02%	Equity World	72
iShares MSCI USA Small Cap ESG Enhanced CTB UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.15%	Equity United States Small Cap	2,534
Deka MSCI World UCITS ETF	0.01%	Equity World	5,864
Invesco MSCI USA Universal Screened UCITS ETF	0.02%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	46
Vanguard Russell U.S. Mid-Cap UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.09%	Equity United States Mid Cap	4
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF hEUR acc	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	614
iShares MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.02%	Equity United States	6,600
UBS S&P USA Dividend Aristocrats ESG Elite UCITS ETF USD dis	0.94%	Equity United States Dividend	6
Invesco MSCI USA UCITS ETF	0.02%	Equity United States	7,543
UBS MSCI USA ex Mega Cap UCITS ETF USD acc	0.02%	Equity United States	2
Xtrackers MSCI World UCITS ETF 2C - EUR Hedged	0.02%	Equity World	444
UBS Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF EUR Hedged acc	0.01%	Equity United States	582
Xtrackers MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF 1D	0.02%	Equity United States	2,949
State Street SPDR MSCI World UCITS ETF GBP Hedged (Dist)	0.02%	Equity World	354
Xtrackers MSCI World Screened UCITS ETF 1D	0.02%	Equity World Social/Environmental	139
Xtrackers MSCI World UCITS ETF 1D	0.02%	Equity World	4,867
BNP Paribas Easy MSCI World UCITS ETF EUR Acc	0.01%	Equity World	225
Xtrackers MSCI AC World Screened UCITS ETF 1C	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	6,567
iShares US Equity Enhanced Active UCITS ETF GBP Hedged (Acc)	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	0
Vanguard FTSE Global Small-Cap UCITS ETF USD Dist	0.13%	Equity World Small Cap	10
UBS Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF USD acc	0.01%	Equity United States	3,079
Xtrackers MSCI USA ESG UCITS ETF 2C - EUR Hedged	0.05%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	208
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF USD dis	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	2,271
Xtrackers MSCI World Quality UCITS ETF 1C	0.03%	Equity World Fundamental/Quality	2,564
BNP Paribas Easy MSCI ACWI SRI S-Series PAB 5% Capped UCITS ETF EUR Acc	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	18
HSBC MSCI World UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Acc)	0.01%	Equity World	752
Amundi MSCI USA ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF Dist	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	2,473
WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF GBP Hedged Dist	0.05%	Equity World Fundamental/Quality	2
Amundi Core MSCI World UCITS ETF USD Dist	0.01%	Equity World	1,670
UBS MSCI USA Select Factor Mix UCITS ETF USD acc	0.01%	Equity United States Multi-Factor Strategy	113
Amundi MSCI USA Ex Mega Cap UCITS ETF Acc	0.05%	Equity United States	155
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF hGBP acc	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	263
Amundi Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF Dist	0.02%	Equity United States	1,174
Amundi MSCI North America ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF Acc	0.01%	Equity North America Social/Environmental Climate Change	453
Invesco MSCI USA UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	354
BNP Paribas Easy MSCI USA UCITS ETF EUR Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	15
BNP Paribas Easy MSCI USA UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	18
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF hJPY acc	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	132
iShares Russell 1000 Value UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.03%	Equity United States Value	1,068
Amundi MSCI World Screened UCITS ETF UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.02%	Equity World Social/Environmental	1
State Street SPDR S&P 400 U.S. Mid Cap UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Dist)	0.37%	Equity United States Mid Cap	22
State Street SPDR S&P 400 U.S. Mid Cap UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Dist)	0.37%	Equity United States Mid Cap	63
iShares MSCI World Small Cap CTB Enhanced ESG UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.17%	Equity World Small Cap	416
ODDO BHF Global Equity Active UCITS ETF Acc - CGP	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	0
Xtrackers MSCI USA Screened UCITS ETF 2C - EUR Hedged	0.02%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	123
iShares MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Acc)	0.02%	Equity United States	160
JPMorgan BetaBuilders US Small Cap Equity UCITS ETF USD (acc)	0.18%	Equity United States Small Cap	84
BNP Paribas Easy MSCI ACWI SRI S-Series PAB 5% Capped UCITS ETF USD C	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	63
Amundi MSCI World ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF Dist	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental Climate Change	279
Xtrackers MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF 1C	0.02%	Equity United States	4,949
Amundi Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF UCITS ETF CHF Hedged Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	1
Vanguard Russell 1000 U.S. Value UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.03%	Equity United States Value	149
Invesco MSCI USA UCITS ETF Dist	0.02%	Equity United States	1,433
Vanguard FTSE Global Small-Cap UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.13%	Equity World Small Cap	31
UBS MSCI USA SF UCITS ETF USD acc	0.02%	Equity United States	499
Fidelity Global Value Research Enhanced UCITS ETF ACC-USD	0.13%	Equity World Value	7
Amundi S&P 400 US Mid Cap UCITS ETF Acc	0.37%	Equity United States Mid Cap	105
iShares MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Dist)	0.02%	Equity United States	2
HSBC MSCI World UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.01%	Equity World	2,270
UBS MSCI USA Select Factor Mix UCITS ETF USD dis	0.01%	Equity United States Multi-Factor Strategy	29
Xtrackers MSCI USA UCITS ETF 1D	0.02%	Equity United States	311
Ossiam Bloomberg World PAB UCITS ETF 1A (EUR)	0.03%	Equity World Social/Environmental Climate Change	176
HSBC MSCI World UCITS ETF USD	0.01%	Equity World	14,426
L&G Gerd Kommer Multifactor Equity UCITS ETF USD Distributing	0.01%	Equity World Multi-Factor Strategy	245
iShares US Equity Enhanced Active UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Acc)	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	8
Amundi Core MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF Acc	0.02%	Equity United States	58
State Street SPDR MSCI World Small Cap UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Dist)	0.10%	Equity World Small Cap	46
Vanguard FTSE Global All-Cap UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.02%	Equity World	2,464
Invesco MSCI World Universal Screened UCITS ETF Acc	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	283
WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF USD	0.05%	Equity World Fundamental/Quality	234
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF hCHF dis	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	67
UBS Core MSCI World UCITS ETF hGBP dis	0.02%	Equity World	117
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF hCHF acc	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	1,367
Ossiam Bloomberg USA PAB UCITS ETF 1A (EUR Hedged)	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	1
Xtrackers MSCI USA UCITS ETF 1C	0.02%	Equity United States	12,236
iShares MSCI USA Swap UCITS ETF USD (Dist)	0.02%	Equity United States	355
UBS Core MSCI World UCITS ETF hEUR acc	0.02%	Equity World	965
UBS Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF EUR Hedged dis	0.01%	Equity United States	191
iShares S&P Mid Cap 400 Swap UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.37%	Equity United States Mid Cap	7
L&G MSCI World Mid Cap UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.12%	Equity World Mid Cap	7
UBS MSCI USA Select Factor Mix UCITS ETF hCHF acc	0.01%	Equity United States Multi-Factor Strategy	24
Amundi MSCI USA ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF GBP Hedged Dist	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	1
Fidelity Global Equity Research Enhanced UCITS ETF ACC-USD	0.03%	Equity World Social/Environmental	216
Vanguard Russell 1000 U.S. Value UCITS ETF USD Dist	0.03%	Equity United States Value	1
UBS Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF CHF Hedged acc	0.01%	Equity United States	618
L&G Gerd Kommer Multifactor Equity UCITS ETF USD Accumulating	0.01%	Equity World Multi-Factor Strategy	1,485
Vanguard ESG North America All Cap UCITS ETF (USD) Distributing	0.02%	Equity North America Social/Environmental	31
Amundi Core MSCI World UCITS ETF Acc	0.01%	Equity World	15,545
Invesco Dow Jones Islamic Global Developed Markets UCITS ETF	0.02%	Equity World Islamic Investing	1,056
Deka MSCI USA UCITS ETF	0.02%	Equity United States	458
State Street SPDR MSCI World Materials UCITS ETF USD	0.42%	Equity World Basic Materials	202
UBS S&P USA Dividend Aristocrats ESG Elite UCITS ETF hEUR dis	0.94%	Equity United States Dividend	0
Amundi MSCI USA ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	13
Deka MSCI USA MC UCITS ETF	0.17%	Equity United States Mid Cap	51
UBS Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF hGBP acc	0.01%	Equity United States	28
Xtrackers MSCI USA Swap II UCITS ETF 1C	0.02%	Equity United States	110
Amundi MSCI USA ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF Acc	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	3,151
Xtrackers MSCI USA ESG UCITS ETF 1D	0.05%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	289
JPMorgan BetaBuilders US Small Cap Equity UCITS ETF USD (dist)	0.18%	Equity United States Small Cap	233
Xtrackers MSCI World UCITS ETF 1C	0.02%	Equity World	21,963
Xtrackers MSCI World Materials UCITS ETF 1C	0.42%	Equity World Basic Materials	718
Xtrackers MSCI North America High Dividend Yield UCITS ETF 1C	0.10%	Equity North America Dividend	204
iShares MSCI World Small Cap UCITS ETF	0.11%	Equity World Small Cap	7,936
State Street SPDR MSCI World UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Dist)	0.02%	Equity World	133
Vanguard ESG North America All Cap UCITS ETF (USD) Accumulating	0.02%	Equity North America Social/Environmental	274
State Street SPDR MSCI World UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Acc)	0.02%	Equity World	1,002
Amundi MSCI World ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF Acc	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental Climate Change	1,469
Franklin MSCI World Catholic Principles UCITS ETF USD Capitalisation	0.02%	Equity World Social/Environmental Catholic principles	178
Amundi Core MSCI World UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.01%	Equity World	67
ODDO BHF Global Equity Active UCITS ETF C	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	8
L&G Global Quality Dividends UCITS ETF USD Dist	0.17%	Equity World Dividend	355
UBS Core MSCI USA UCITS ETF USD dis	0.01%	Equity United States	1,383
First Trust Value Line® Dividend Index UCITS ETF Acc	0.41%	Equity United States Dividend	5
UBS MSCI USA Universal UCITS ETF USD acc	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental Climate Change	4
UBS MSCI ACWI Universal UCITS ETF hUSD acc	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental	1,297
Invesco MSCI USA Universal Screened UCITS ETF GBP Hedged Acc	0.02%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	4
WisdomTree Global Quality Dividend Growth UCITS ETF USD Acc	0.05%	Equity World Fundamental/Quality	666
Amundi MSCI North America ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF Dist	0.01%	Equity North America Social/Environmental Climate Change	43
State Street SPDR MSCI World Small Cap UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Acc)	0.10%	Equity World Small Cap	1,748
Xtrackers MSCI USA UCITS ETF 3C CHF Hedged	0.02%	Equity United States	398
UBS MSCI World ex Mega Cap UCITS ETF USD acc	0.02%	Equity World	22
Amundi MSCI World ESG Broad Transition UCITS ETF EUR Hedged (Acc)	0.00%	Equity World Social/Environmental Climate Change	40
Fidelity US Equity Research Enhanced UCITS ETF EUR Hedged Acc	0.06%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	99
Xtrackers MSCI USA Swap II UCITS ETF 1D	0.02%	Equity United States	0
Finanzen.net MSCI World UCITS ETF Acc	0.01%	Equity World	46
State Street SPDR S&P 400 U.S. Mid Cap UCITS ETF USD Unhedged (Acc)	0.37%	Equity United States Mid Cap	5,348
Xtrackers MSCI World IMI UCITS ETF 1C Capitalisation	0.02%	Equity World	24
Ossiam Bloomberg World PAB UCITS ETF 1A (USD)	0.03%	Equity World Social/Environmental Climate Change	0
Vanguard ESG Global All Cap UCITS ETF (USD) Accumulating	0.01%	Equity World Social/Environmental	1,128
Vanguard Russell U.S. Mid-Cap UCITS ETF USD Dist	0.09%	Equity United States Mid Cap	3
Xtrackers MSCI World Screened UCITS ETF 1C	0.02%	Equity World Social/Environmental	555
Amundi MSCI World Screened UCITS ETF Acc	0.02%	Equity World Social/Environmental	2,130
Xtrackers MSCI USA ESG UCITS ETF 1C	0.05%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	8,147
iShares US Equity Enhanced Active UCITS ETF USD (Acc)	0.01%	Equity United States Social/Environmental	1,828
Fidelity US Value Research Enhanced UCITS ETF ACC-USD	0.25%	Equity United States Value	2
Xtrackers MSCI USA UCITS ETF 2C EUR Hedged	0.02%	Equity United States	683
UBS MSCI USA UCITS ETF USD dis	0.01%	Equity United States	505

Order fees

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Order volume:

Order fee	Stock savings plans
0.99 €	4500	View offer**
0.00 €	10000	View offer*
0.95 €	5740	View offer*
1.00 €	2500	View offer*
0.00 €	8045	View offer*

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Source: justETF Research; as of 10/2026. The offers are sorted in the following way: 1. Rating 2. Order fee 3. Number of stock savings plans. The number of stock savings plans is rounded. In addition to the fees charged by online brokers, additional costs may apply. The stated fees are thus exclusive of standard market spreads, commissions, product costs and third-party fees. Please note: No guarantee can be given for the completeness, correctness and accuracy of the content listed. The information on the online brokers' homepages is decisive. Investments in securities involve risks.
*Affiliate link
** Important note: We are part of the Scalable Group since 2021 and are a wholly owned subsidiary of Scalable AG. This means that we are economically connected, but operate with editorial independence. Conflicts of interest are avoided because brokers — including Scalable — are evaluated according to uniform, objective criteria. You can view these in our transparent rating system. Ultimately, it’s up to you to decide how and with whom you want to invest.

Savings plan offers

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Select your savings amount:

Broker	Rating	Execution fee	Account fee
		0.00 €	0.00 €	View offer**
		0.00 €	0.00 €	View offer*
		0.00 €	0.00 €	View offer*
		0.00 €	0.00 €	View offer*
		0.00 €	0.00 €	View offer*

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Source: justETF Research; as of 10/2026. The offers are sorted in the following way: 1. Rating 2. Execution fee 3. Number of stock savings plans. The number of stock savings plans is rounded. In addition to the fees charged by online brokers, additional costs may apply. The stated fees are thus exclusive of standard market spreads, commissions, product costs and third-party fees. Please note: No guarantee can be given for the completeness, correctness and accuracy of the content listed. The information on the online brokers' homepages is decisive. Investments in securities involve risks.
*Affiliate link
** Important note: We are part of the Scalable Group since 2021 and are a wholly owned subsidiary of Scalable AG. This means that we are economically connected, but operate with editorial independence. Conflicts of interest are avoided because brokers — including Scalable — are evaluated according to uniform, objective criteria. You can view these in our transparent rating system. Ultimately, it’s up to you to decide how and with whom you want to invest.

Performance

Returns overview

YTD	-2.81%
1 month	-3.74%
3 months	-9.34%
6 months	+3.11%
1 year	-10.52%
3 years	-6.45%
5 years	-
Since inception (MAX)	+15.85%
2025	-23.40%
2024	+15.76%
2023	+10.33%
2022	+3.95%

Monthly returns in a heat map

Risk

Risk metrics in this section:

Volatility, annualised, measured for 1, 3 and 5 year periods. The annualised volatility reflects the degree of price fluctuations during a one year period. The higher the volatility, the more significantly the price of the asset (stock, ETF, etc.) has changed in the past. Assets with higher volatility are generally considered more risky. We calculate the volatility based on the data for the past 1, 3 and 5 years so that you can see if price fluctuations for the ETF became stronger or weaker over time.
Return per risk for 1, 3 and 5 year periods. This is the annualised (i.e. converted to a one year period) past return divided by the past annualised volatility. The metric puts the historical return of an asset in relation to its historical risk and gives you a retrospective indication of the degree of price fluctuation you had to bear with in order to obtain the return. We calculate this parameter for 1, 3 and 5 year periods to display its evolution over time.
Maximum drawdown for a period. This shows the worst possible loss an investor could have suffered during the respective period, by first buying and subsequently selling the asset at the least favourable prices. For example, if there was the following sequence of daily ETF prices: 10€, 5€, 12€, 20€, an investor would have suffered the worst loss by buying for 10€ and subsequently selling for 5€. Therefore in this case the maximum drawdown would be (5€ - 10€)/10€ = -50%.

ETF returns include dividend payments (if applicable).